ADENOVIRUS

In March 2023 an increase in adenovirus cases was monitored in Bengaluru, but there was no such reason for concern as the infections were self-limiting. According to a report stated by Hindustan Times, approximately 5,213 cases of infections were reported in West Bengal in the timespan of one month.

Similar cases of adenovirus infection are recorded or witnessed among children in Pune for over a month now.

This blog will give you a brief knowledge of this virus and how it affects the children

What is adenovirus

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These are classes of viruses that are responsible for causing infection. These infections can be observed in any age group but the most common target is the kids. This class of virus can infect children of variable age groups. Being highly contagious in nature this virus is termed as a potent threat and a fast spreader. The most common places of the spread include crowded places like schools, playgrounds, etc.

The mechanism of spread of the virus is through contact via droplets and air serving as the medium of spread, it spreads through the sneeze or the cough of the infected person

What causes adenovirus infections in a child?

This strain of infection is caused by a group of adenovirus contaminants. There are two common pathways responsible for the spread of the disease that can be through the respiratory tract and through the digestive tract. The most common period of adenovirus infection is in the early summer, spring, and late winter But the infections can also be experienced at any time throughout the year.

Respiratory infection:

The mucus from the nose, mouth, throat, and lungs (components of the respiratory tract) may show the presence of the virus. Respiratory infections spread through the air when someone infected with the virus coughs or sneezes the virus travels through the air and causes infection in another person.
Another way by which the infection might spread is by coming in contact with an object that is contaminated by the virus. The virus can live for many hours on things such as doorknobs, counters, and toys thus serving as a potent threat.

Adenovirus cause variable infections and symptoms of the infection can be stated as follows

Respiratory illness, such as a

Cold
The redness of the eye
Croup
Bronchiolitis
Pneumonia

The most common route of infection in children is the respiratory tract, but in certain cases the infections might also target the respiratory tract.

Digestive tract infection:

This cause of infection is due to the negligence of the child, if he or she has not washed their hands properly or often or has consumed contaminated beverages or food the infection might take place due to the entry of germs by the fecal oral route.

Which children are at risk for adenovirus infections?

The infection might occur in a child regardless of the age factor. Children of age 6 months to 2 years can be more prone to the infection, ones who are in childcare are more likely to become ill with these viruses. The digestive tract type of infection is most common in children of age group 5 years.

What can be the possible symptoms of adenovirus infections?

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The majority of adenovirus infections are minor, with few symptoms. However, because each child is unique and the body has its own ability to deal with the infection, the symptoms vary from one another. The most common symptoms seen, however, are listed below.

Symptoms of respiratory infections may be seen about a time period of 2 to 14 days after exposure to the pathogens. They can include:

Runny nose
Sore throat
Fever
Severe cough
Swollen lymph nodes
Headache
Pink eye

Symptoms of a digestive tract infection may be recorded for about 3 to 10 days after exposure. Most common in children younger than 5 years and it can last for a period of 2 weeks. They can include:

Watery diarrhea that starts suddenly
Fever
Belly (abdominal) pain
Vomiting.

How to prevent Adenovirus infection?

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Even though you are infected you can help safeguard others. Following steps should be followed to prevent adenovirus infection

Stay home when you are sick.
Coughing and sneezing into a tissue avoids the use of the hand as it may result in contaminating objects and spread when it comes in contact with others while actions like shaking hands.
Sharing cups and utensils with others must be avoided.
Refrain from kissing others.
Frequently wash your hands with soap and water, and maintain hygiene.
Frequent handwashing is especially important in childcare settings and healthcare facilities.

Diagnostic tests for adenovirus:

Mild symptomatic patients usually don't need testing . But in case of serious infections, doctors can test the secretions of the respiratory tract or conjunctival secretions, stool, blood, or urine sample for diagnostic purposes.

How Are Adenovirus Infections Treated?

Most adenovirus infections get better with treatment at home, including getting plenty of rest drinking enough liquids
Prescribing acetaminophen if fevers are making your child uncomfortable
The use of humidifier or nose drops containing salt water is encouraged to help kids with congestion
Children suffering from vomiting and diarrhea who are unable to consume the expected amounts of liquids may require suitable treatment for hydration of the body.
Newborns, premature babies, people with weak immune systems, and Adults with severe adenovirus infections and complications may require antiviral medications and hospitalizations that include the administration of IV fluids, oxygen, and breathing treatments.

The complications that might occur due to adenovirus infection in a child include

Chronic lung disease: A child infected with pneumonia from adenovirus may develop chronic lung disease.
Severe infection: A child having a weak immune system is at risk for more severe infection from adenoviruses.[mostly include premature babies]
Intussusception: This is when one part of the intestine slides over another section causing intestinal blockage. It is a medical emergency that is seen in babies. Bloody stool, abdominal swelling, knees flexed to chest, loud cries from pain, weakness, vomiting, and lack of energy are the symptoms seen.

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